A lifelong aviation enthusiast who joined&nbsp;AIN&nbsp;in 2007, Curt came to&nbsp;the publication&nbsp;from the broadcast industry where he was a national science and technology television reporter and producer. He writes on the FBO field, aviation finance, and sustainable aviation and occasionally contributes to&nbsp;AIN&nbsp;sister publication&nbsp;Business Jet Traveler. Curt was a member of the AINtv reporting staff that won the 2008 Aerospace Journalist of the Year award for Best Airshow Daily. That same year, he was a finalist for another AJOYA award. He earned an AJOYA for Best Business Aviation Submission in 2018 and was a finalist in that category in 2021. He received the National Air Transportation Association’s&nbsp; Aviation Journalist Award in 2012 and won a Pegasus Sapphire Business Aviation Award for outstanding journalism in 2021.
Before joining AIN, Curt worked with&nbsp;Consumer Reports’ television division, CRTV, and for several local television news staffs. An honors graduate of the State University of New York at Stony Brook, he earned a master’s degree in broadcast journalism from Boston University in 1995. Curt lives in New York State with his wife and two young sons.

Senior Editor

Curt Epstein

The business aviation industry directed its focus last month to California’s Van Nuys Airport, where the event Business Jets Fuel Green: A Step Towards Sustainability took place. The occasion marked the first time sustainable alternative jet fuel (SAJF) was made available to business aircraft at a public airport. VNY was chosen for the trial debut due to the environmental consciousness of the airport as well the state of California, in general.

 


The groundbreaking event followed on the heels of last year’s launch of the Business Aviation Guide to the Use of Sustainable Alternative Jet Fuel by a coalition consisting of GAMA, NATA, NBAA, EBAA,&nbsp;and IBAC. The document restated the environmental goals of the business aviation industry in 2009, among them: carbon-neutral growth by 2020, and to reduce C02 emissions by 50 percent by 2050, relative to 2005 levels. Among the ways to accomplish that, SAJF was touted as the most effective. “The single largest potential reduction in aviation’s greenhouse gasses is from the broad adoption of sustainable alternative fuels,” Bruce Parry, IBAC’s environment director, told the audience at the event, which was meant to address&nbsp;the “knowledge gap” on the availability of SAJF and to dispel any concerns within the industry regarding its safety.

 


A panel discussion featuring experts&nbsp;from the OEMs, fuel providers,&nbsp;and fuel producers served to educate the audience on the use of the fuel, its benefits to the environment and to users, as well as&nbsp;current and future production.

 


At its most basic, the use of SAJF represents a paradigm shift, according to Steve Csonka, executive director of the Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI). Instead of pumping new hydrocarbons from the ground as petroleum, SAJF&nbsp;simply recycles the carbon that is already in the atmosphere&nbsp;and is extracted from plants, which use photosynthesis to utilize it as carbon dioxide.

 


<h2>Funding Stream Needed</h2>

 


While there has been much discussion about SAJF over the past decade, there has been seemingly little increase in volume. That is attributed to the global economic meltdown, which struck in 2008, a crucial juncture for the nascent biofuel industry. Companies became starved for development capital, thus handicapping the commercialization of large scale production.

 


“The financial markets completely seized up, and they were closed for the better part of half a decade before the banks were able to do debt financing again,” said Bryan Sherbacow, COO of commercial biofuels producer World Energy.&nbsp;“It’s now just starting to loosen up again.”

 


With that funding becoming more available, fuel producers are looking to expand their production capabilities. Texas-based Gevo, which currently produces SAJF on a per-batch, on-request basis, expects to increase its output from 100,000 gallons of alternative fuel to 12-to-15 million gallons in the 2022 timeframe. Likewise, World Energy, the only commercial producer of SAJF in North America, has a renewable fuel capacity of 40 million gallons a year (currently 15 percent of which consists of SAJF) and&nbsp;is also planning to boost its production to 350 million gallons over the next two years.

 


The worldwide consumption of jet fuel, accounting for all its uses, is approximately 87 billion gallons a year, according to Steve Dryzmalla, World Fuel Services’ senior vice president for business aviation bulk fuel. “In the last couple of years, we’ve been at an order of magnitude of 4-5 million gallons' total [SAJF] production, so a very small amount of total worldwide use.”

 


Of that current amount, most&nbsp;is&nbsp;purchased by the airlines. Indeed, anyone flying commercially out of Los Angeles International Airport is burning some component of SAJF, courtesy of United Airlines. Due to an offtake agreement, the airline has poured approximately three million gallons of SAJF a year into the airport’s&nbsp;general fuel supply for the past several years.

 


Yet the business aviation groups hope that, with these increases, SAJF will soon be available for their constituents, at least at some key airports. There is an “underlying need to improve fuel access and infrastructure,” David Coleal,&nbsp;Bombardier Business Aircraft president and chair of GAMA’s environment committee, told&nbsp;AIN, adding that will ultimately be triggered by supply and demand. “The bottom line remains that as demand increases, we will need more fuel at more airports, and this will require more production.”

 


Bombardier has had interest in renewable fuels since 2006 when it joined CAAFI through its commercial aircraft division. Gulfstream, which has used the fuel since 2011, signed its own offtake agreement with World Fuel Services in 2015 for SAJF to support its daily flight activities in Savannah.

 


World Fuel provided 8,000 gallons of the blended renewable fuel produced by California-based World Energy for the Van Nuys event. Meanwhile Gevo, through its distributor&nbsp;Avfuel, offered another 6,200 gallons, which was delivered to the four FBOs on the field and in most cases mixed into their fuel supplies. According to Van Nuys Airport Association head Curt Castagna, between the time the fuel was delivered at 6 p.m. on Wednesday&nbsp;and Thursday afternoon, the airport saw more than 140 departures of turbine-powered aircraft. Also drawing from those supplies were aircraft supplied by Gulfstream, Bombardier,&nbsp;and Embraer, which took event attendees on hour-long flights to demonstrate that the fuel is a seamless replacement.

 


Gulfstream&nbsp;set a&nbsp;city-pair&nbsp;record,&nbsp;flying its&nbsp;SAJF-fueled G280 from Savannah to Van Nuys for the event.&nbsp;“This is drop-in fuel. It is jet-A. It just comes from a different source. You can mix it in the fuel tanks,” explained Charles Etter, head of environmental and regulatory affairs and&nbsp;technical&nbsp;fellow with Gulfstream. “It has better freeze-point qualities to it, it has more energy density to it. It’s actually a better fuel.” In addition to those benefits, SAJF contains less sulfur and other impurities than standard jet-A.

 


The Van Nuys event, sponsored by the same coalition that launched the SAJF use guide last year, attracted a list of industry luminaries, including Ed Bolen,&nbsp;NBAA president and CEO;&nbsp;Pete Bunce, GAMA president and CEO; Gary Dempsey,&nbsp;NATA president;&nbsp;Athar Husain Khan, secretary general of EBAA; Bruce Parry, environment director for&nbsp;IBAC;&nbsp;Bombardier Business Aircraft's David Coleal;&nbsp;and&nbsp;Michael Amalfitano,&nbsp;Embraer Executive Aircraft president. Also attending the event were experts from the biofuel production and distribution sectors.

 


A similar event will be held this spring at London-area Farnborough International Airport. “Our industry is uniquely poised to make a huge, positive difference in the fight against climate change, not by changing how much we fly, but by changing how we&nbsp;fuel,” said Coleal. “SAJF will enable a future of clean, efficient propulsion in business aviation.”

News about environmental issues relating to aircraft operations, including noise issues, emissisions, and regulations. See Fuel for biofuel.

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